COVID-19, Race, and Redlining

Graziella Bertocchi () and Arcangelo Dimico

No 13467, IZA Discussion Papers from Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)

Abstract: Discussion on the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on African Americans has been at center stage since the outbreak of the epidemic in the United States. To present day, however, lack of race-disaggregated individual data has prevented a rigorous assessment of the extent of this phenomenon and the reasons why blacks may be particularly vulnerable to the disease. Using individual and georeferenced death data collected daily by the Cook County Medical Examiner, we provide first evidence that race does affect COVID-19 outcomes. The data confirm that in Cook County blacks are overrepresented in terms of COVID-19 related deaths since – as of June 16, 2020 – they constitute 35 percent of the dead, so that they are dying at a rate 1.3 times higher than their population share. Furthermore, by combining the spatial distribution of mortality with the 1930s redlining maps for the Chicago area, we obtain a block group level panel dataset of weekly deaths over the period January 1, 2020-June 16, 2020, over which we establish that, after the outbreak of the epidemic, historically lower-graded neighborhoods display a sharper increase in mortality, driven by blacks, while no pre-treatment differences are detected. Thus, we uncover a persistence influence of the racial segregation induced by the discriminatory lending practices of the 1930s, by way of a diminished resilience of the black population to the shock represented by the COVID-19 outbreak. A heterogeneity analysis reveals that the main channels of transmission are socioeconomic status and household composition, whose influence is magnified in combination with a higher black share.

Keywords: COVID-19; deaths; blacks; redlining; vulnerability; Cook County; Chicago (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I14 J15 N32 N92 R38 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 69 pages
Date: 2020-07
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-hea, nep-pke and nep-ure
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (6)

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https://docs.iza.org/dp13467.pdf (application/pdf)

Related works:
Working Paper: COVID-19, Race, and Redlining (2020)
Working Paper: COVID-19, Race, and Redlining (2020)
Working Paper: COVID-19, Race, and Redlining (2020)
Working Paper: COVID-19, Race, and Redlining (2020)
Working Paper: COVID-19, Race, and Redlining (2020)
Working Paper: COVID-19, Race, and Redlining (2020)
Working Paper: COVID-19, race and redlining (2020)
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