Modern Infectious Diseases: Macroeconomic Impacts and Policy Responses

David E. Bloom (), Michael Kuhn and Klaus Prettner
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David E. Bloom: Harvard School of Public Health

No 13625, IZA Discussion Papers from Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)

Abstract: We discuss and review literature on the macroeconomic effects of epidemics and pandemics since the late 20th century. First, we cover the role of health in driving economic growth and well-being and discuss standard frameworks for assessing the economic burden of infectious diseases. Second, we sketch a general theoretical framework to evaluate the tradeoffs policymakers must consider when addressing infectious diseases and their macroeconomic repercussions. In so doing, we emphasize the dependence of economic consequences on (i) disease characteristics; (ii) inequalities among individuals in terms of susceptibility, preferences, and income; and (iii) cross-country heterogeneities in terms of their institutional and macroeconomic environments. Third, we study pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical policies aimed at mitigating and preventing infectious diseases and their macroeconomic repercussions. Fourth, we discuss the health toll and economic impacts of five infectious diseases: HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, influenza, and COVID-19. Although major epidemics and pandemics can take an enormous human toll and impose a staggering economic burden, early and targeted health and economic policy interventions can often mitigate both to a substantial degree.

Keywords: economic epidemiology; health; economic growth; economic burden of disease; infectious disease; influenza; tuberculosis; malaria; HIV/AIDS; COVID-19; epidemics; pandemics; inequality; SIR Model; general equilibrium macroeconomic models; welfare; human capital; health policy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D15 D58 E10 E20 I12 I15 I18 I31 O40 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 52 pages
Date: 2020-08
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-dem, nep-dge, nep-evo, nep-hea and nep-mac
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (27)

Published - published in: Journal of Economic Literature, 2022, 60 (1), 85–131

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Related works:
Journal Article: Modern Infectious Diseases: Macroeconomic Impacts and Policy Responses (2022)
Working Paper: Modern Infectious Diseases: Macroeconomic Impacts and Policy Responses (2021)
Working Paper: Modern Infectious Diseases: Macroeconomic Impacts and Policy Responses (2020)
Working Paper: Modern Infectious Diseases: Macroeconomic Impacts and Policy Responses (2020)
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