Widows' Time, Time Stress and Happiness: Adjusting to Loss

Daniel S. Hamermesh (), Michal Myck and Monika Oczkowska ()
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Daniel S. Hamermesh: University of Texas at Austin

No 14343, IZA Discussion Papers from Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)

Abstract: By age 77 a plurality of women in wealthy Western societies are widows. Comparing older (aged 70+) married women to widows in the American Time Use Survey 2003-18 and linking the data to the Current Population Survey allow inferring the short- and longer-term effects of an arguably exogenous shock - husband's death -†and measuring the paths of adjustment of time use to it. Widows differ from otherwise similar married women, especially from married women with working husbands, by cutting back on home production, mainly food preparation and housework, mostly by engaging in less of it each day, not doing it less frequently. French, Italian, German, and Dutch widows behave similarly. Widows are alone for 2/3 of the time they had spent with their spouses, with a small increase in time with friends and relatives shortly after becoming widowed. Evidence from the European countries shows that widows feel less time stress than married women but are also less satisfied with their lives. Following older women in 18 European countries before and after a partner’s death shows that widowhood reduces their feelings of time pressure. U.S. longitudinal data demonstrate that it increases feelings of depression. Most of the adjustment of time use in response to widowhood occurs within one year of the husband’s death; but feelings of reduced time pressure and of depression persist much longer.

Keywords: depression; time stress; marital status; life satisfaction; time use (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I31 J14 J22 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 47 pages
Date: 2021-04
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-age, nep-hap, nep-lma and nep-ltv
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Published - published as 'Widows' Time: Adjusting to Loss' in: Research in Labor Economics , 2023, 50, 369-396

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Working Paper: Widows’ Time, Time Stress and Happiness: Adjusting to Loss (2021)
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