Female Labor Market Opportunities and Gender Gaps in Aspirations

Teresa Molina and Emiko Usui

No 15453, IZA Discussion Papers from Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)

Abstract: Aspirations and plans for the future can influence investments made today. Gender gaps in these views can perpetuate gender gaps in outcomes. In this paper, we explore how gender gaps in aspirations and expectations are affected by the local labor market. Using a national longitudinal survey from Japan, we begin by documenting large gender differences in adolescents’ own thoughts about their future educational attainment, occupation, marriage, and fertility, as well as parental aspirations for their child’s future. We then show that these gender gaps – specifically, boys planning for higher educational attainment as well as later marriage and fertility – are significantly smaller in municipalities with higher female labor force participation. Consistent with this, we also find that female labor force participation increases parental investments in girls relative to boys. We detect similar patterns when examining realized outcomes at age 19.

Keywords: aspirations; gender differences; female employment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I24 J13 J16 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 40 pages
Date: 2022-07
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-edu, nep-gen and nep-lab
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Published - published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2023, 211, 165-187

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