Conditional Cash Transfers and the Geography of Intergenerational Education Mobility in the Philippines

Teresa Molina () and Cara Tan
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Teresa Molina: University of Hawaii at Manoa
Cara Tan: California Policy Lab

No 18921, IZA Discussion Papers from IZA Network @ LISER

Abstract: Using population census data, this paper documents substantial variation in municipality-level measures of upward and relative education mobility across the Philippines. Regressions that control for a rich set of covariates leave one-fifth of the variation in upward mobility and two-thirds of the variation in relative mobility unexplained. To explore the extent to which these measures capture meaningful variation that can be changed by government policy, we exploit municipality-level variation in exposure to a national conditional cash transfer program. Exposure to the program significantly increased average municipality education and upward mobility but had no significant effects on relative mobility.

Keywords: intergenerational mobility; conditional cash transfers; education; Philippines (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I24 I38 J62 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026-09
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