Inequality, Human Capital Formation and the Process of Development

Oded Galor

No 6328, IZA Discussion Papers from Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)

Abstract: Conventional wisdom about the relationship between income distribution and economic development has been subjected to dramatic transformations in the past century. While classical economists advanced the hypothesis that inequality is beneficial for growth, the neoclassical paradigm dismissed the classical hypothesis and suggested that income distribution has limited role in the growth process. A metamorphosis in these perspectives has taken place in the past two decades. Theory and subsequent empirical evidence have demonstrated that income distribution has a significant impact on human capital formation and the development process. In early stages of industrialization, as physical capital accumulation was a prime engine of growth, inequality enhanced the process of development by channeling resources towards individuals whose marginal propensity to save is higher. In later stages of development, however, as human capital has become a main engine of growth, equality, in the presence of credit constraints, has stimulated human capital formation and growth. Moreover, unequal distribution of land has been a hurdle for economic development. While industrialists have had an incentive to support education policies that foster human capital formation, landowners, whose interests lay in the reduction of the mobility of their labor force, have favored policies that deprived the masses of education.

Keywords: inequality; human capital; growth; development; credit market imperfections (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O10 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 65 pages
Date: 2012-01
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-dev and nep-hrm
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (6)

Published - published in: Handbook of Economics of Education, North Holland. 2014.

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Related works:
Chapter: Inequality, Human Capital Formation, and the Process of Development (2011)
Working Paper: Inequality, Human Capital Formation and the Process of Development (2011)
Working Paper: Inequality, Human Capital Formation and the Process of Development (2011)
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