Gendered labour market dynamics across generations: Parental and local determinants of the daugther-son pay gap

René Böheim, David Pichler and Christine Zulehner
Authors registered in the RePEc Author Service: René Böheim

No 2025-05, Economics working papers from Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria

Abstract: We examine how parental and local factors shape the gender pay gap between daughters and sons. Maternal labor market attachment significantly reduces gender disparities as it increases daughters' earnings in adulthood relative to that of sons. We find that maternal employment has minimal effects on pre-parenthood earnings gaps. However, it substantially mitigates post-parenthood disparities as daughters return to the labour market more quickly after childbirth. Paternal employment in manufacturing and construction is linked to larger gender pay gaps and lower likelihoods of sons taking paternity leave. At the municipal level, higher female employment rates and education levels are associated with narrower gender gaps, whereas conservative norms and manufacturing employment exacerbate them.

Keywords: intergenerational mobility; gender wage gap; regional labor markets; gender norms (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J13 J16 J31 J62 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025-05
Note: English
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:jku:econwp:2025-05

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