Lifting up the lives of extremely disadvantaged youth: The role of staying in school longer

Julie Moschion () and Jan C. van Ours ()
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Julie Moschion: University of Queensland; ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course; IZA
Jan C. van Ours: Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam and Tinbergen Institute; CEPR; IZA; Centre for Health Economics, Monash University

No 2025-02, Working Papers from Centre for Health Economics, Monash University

Abstract: Using a sample of Australians who display high rates of early school-leaving, we compare the trajectories of respondents who left school at each incremental age between 14 and 17 with respondents who left at 18 years old or more, in terms of homelessness, incarceration, substance use and mental health issues. Leveraging recent methodological advances, we estimate a staggered difference-in-difference to: eliminate biases arising from reverse causality or unobserved time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity and account for heterogenous treatment effects across cohorts and time. Results indicate that leaving school before age 18 increases males’ likelihood of experiencing homeless, being incarcerated, using cannabis daily and illegal street drugs weekly several years after school-leaving. In contrast, for females the difference-in-difference strategy eliminates the correlations between school-leaving age and their outcomes, providing some support for a causal interpretation of our findings. To minimise concerns that gender specific time-varying unobserved heterogeneity may be driving our results, we also show that while the occurrence and timing of parental separation and other adverse behaviours coincide with early school-leaving, our results are robust to accounting for these. Taken together, our findings suggest that preventing early school-leaving can help disadvantaged youth break cycles of multi-dimensional disadvantage.

Keywords: Education; Homelessness; Substance use; Incarceration; Mental health (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C23 I12 I24 I32 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025-02
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-hea and nep-inv
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