The Economics of Hedge Funds: Alpha, Fees, Leverage, and Valuation

Yingcong Lan, Neng Wang and Jinqiang Yang

No 16842, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: Hedge fund managers are compensated via management fees on the assets under management (AUM) and incentive fees indexed to the high-water mark (HWM). We study the effects of managerial skills (alpha) and compensation on dynamic leverage choices and the valuation of fees and investors' payoffs. Increasing the investment allocation to the alpha-generating strategy typically lowers the fund's risk-adjusted excess return due to frictions such as price pressure. When the manager is only paid via management fees, the manager optimally chooses time-invariant leverage to balance the size of allocation to the alpha-generating strategy against the negative impact of increasing size on the fund's alpha. When the manager is paid via both management and incentive fees, we show that (i) the high-powered incentive fees encourage excessive risk taking, while management fees have the opposite effect; (ii) conflicts of interest between the manager and investors have significant effects on dynamically changing leverage choices and the valuation of fees and investors' payoffs; (iii) the manager optimally increases leverage following strong fund performances; (iv) investors' options to liquidate the fund following sufficiently poor fund performances substantially curtail managerial risk-taking, provide strong incentives to de-leverage, and sometimes even give rise to strong precautionary motives to hoard cash (in long positions); and (v) managerial ownership concentration has incentive alignment effects.

JEL-codes: G11 G2 G32 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2011-03
Note: AP CF
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Published as “The economics of hedge funds,” with Yingcong Lan and Ji nqiang Yang, Journal of Financial Economics, 110(2), 300 -­‐ 323, (2013)

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.nber.org/papers/w16842.pdf (application/pdf)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nbr:nberwo:16842

Ordering information: This working paper can be ordered from
http://www.nber.org/papers/w16842

Access Statistics for this paper

More papers in NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.. Contact information at EDIRC.
Bibliographic data for series maintained by ().