Boy-Girl Differences in Parental Time Investments: Evidence from Three Countries

Michael Baker and Kevin Milligan

No 18893, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: We study differences in the time parents spend with girls and boys at preschool ages in Canada, the U.K. and the U.S. We refine previous evidence that fathers commit more time to boys, showing this greater commitment emerges with age and is not present for very young children. We next examine differences in specific parental teaching activities such as reading and the use of number and letters. We find the parents commit more of this time to girls, starting at ages as young as 9 months. We explore possible explanations of this greater commitment to girls including explicit parental preference and boy-girl differences in costs of these time inputs. Finally, we offer evidence that these differences in time inputs are potentially important: in each country the boy-girl difference in inputs can account for a non-trivial proportion of the boy-girl difference in preschool reading and math scores.

JEL-codes: J13 J16 J22 J24 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2013-03
Note: CH
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (30)

Published as Michael Baker & Kevin Milligan, 2016. "Boy-Girl Differences in Parental Time Investments: Evidence from Three Countries," Journal of Human Capital, University of Chicago Press, vol. 10(4), pages 399-441.

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Journal Article: Boy-Girl Differences in Parental Time Investments: Evidence from Three Countries (2016)
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