A World of Cities: The Causes and Consequences of Urbanization in Poorer Countries

Edward Glaeser

No 19745, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: Historically, urban growth required enough development to grow and transport significant agricultural surpluses or a government effective enough to build an empire. But there has been an explosion of poor mega-cities over the last thirty years. A simple urban model illustrates that in closed economies, agricultural prosperity leads to more urbanization but that in an open economy, urbanization increases with agricultural desperation. The challenge of developing world mega-cities is that poverty and weak governance reduce the ability to address the negative externalities that come with density. This paper models the connection between urban size and institutional failure, and shows that urban anonymity causes institutions to break down. For large cities with weak governments, draconian policies may be the only way to curb negative externalities, suggesting a painful tradeoff between dictatorship and disorder. A simple model suggests that private provision of infrastructure to reduce negative externalities is less costly when city populations are low or institutions are strong, but that public provision can cost less in bigger cities.

JEL-codes: R0 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2013-12
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-gro and nep-ure
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

Published as Edward L. Glaeser, 2014. "A WORLD OF CITIES: THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF URBANIZATION IN POORER COUNTRIES," Journal of the European Economic Association, vol 12(5), pages 1154-1199.

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