Vertical and Horizontal Redistributions from a Carbon Tax and Rebate

Julie Anne Cronin, Don Fullerton () and Steven Sexton

No 23250, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: Because electricity is a higher fraction of spending for those with low income, carbon taxes are believed to be regressive. Many argue, however, that their revenues can be used to offset the regressivity. We assess these claims by employing data on 322,000 families in the U.S. Treasury’s Distribution Model to study vertical redistributions between rich and poor, as well as horizontal redistributions among families with common incomes but heterogeneous energy intensity of consumption (different home heating and cooling demands). Accounting for the statutory indexing of transfers, and measuring impacts on annual consumption as a proxy for permanent income, we find that the carbon tax burden is progressive, rising across deciles as a fraction of consumption. The rebate of revenue via transfers makes it even more progressive. In every decile, the standard deviation of the change in consumption as a fraction of consumption varies around 1% or 2% and is larger than the average burden (about 0.7%). When existing transfer programs are used to rebate revenue, the tax and rebate together increase that variation to more than 3% within each decile. The average family in the poorest decile gets a net tax cut of about 1% of consumption, but 44% of them get a net tax increase. Relative to no rebate, every type of rebate we consider increases this variation within most deciles.

JEL-codes: H22 H23 Q48 Q54 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017-03
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-ene, nep-env and nep-pub
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (23)

Published as Vertical and Horizontal Redistributions from a Carbon Tax and Rebate , Julie Anne Cronin, Don Fullerton, Steven Sexton. in Energy Policy Tradeoffs between Economic Efficiency and Distributional Equity , Deryugina, Fullerton, and Pizer. 2019
Published as Julie Anne Cronin & Don Fullerton & Steven Sexton, 2019. "Vertical and Horizontal Redistributions from a Carbon Tax and Rebate," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol 6(S1), pages S169-S208.

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Related works:
Journal Article: Vertical and Horizontal Redistributions from a Carbon Tax and Rebate (2019)
Working Paper: Vertical and Horizontal Redistributions from a Carbon Tax and Rebate (2017)
Chapter: Vertical and Horizontal Redistributions from a Carbon Tax and Rebate (2016)
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