Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US Labor Markets

Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo

No 23285, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: As robots and other computer-assisted technologies take over tasks previously performed by labor, there is increasing concern about the future of jobs and wages. We analyze the effect of the increase in industrial robot usage between 1990 and 2007 on US local labor markets. Using a model in which robots compete against human labor in the production of different tasks, we show that robots may reduce employment and wages, and that the local labor market effects of robots can be estimated by regressing the change in employment and wages on the exposure to robots in each local labor market—defined from the national penetration of robots into each industry and the local distribution of employment across industries. Using this approach, we estimate large and robust negative effects of robots on employment and wages across commuting zones. We bolster this evidence by showing that the commuting zones most exposed to robots in the post-1990 era do not exhibit any differential trends before 1990. The impact of robots is distinct from the impact of imports from China and Mexico, the decline of routine jobs, offshoring, other types of IT capital, and the total capital stock (in fact, exposure to robots is only weakly correlated with these other variables). According to our estimates, one more robot per thousand workers reduces the employment to population ratio by about 0.18-0.34 percentage points and wages by 0.25-0.5 percent.

JEL-codes: J23 J24 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017-03
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-lma, nep-tid and nep-ure
Note: EFG LS
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (399)

Published as Daron Acemoglu & Pascual Restrepo, 2020. "Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US Labor Markets," Journal of Political Economy, vol 128(6), pages 2188-2244.

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Related works:
Journal Article: Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US Labor Markets (2020)
Working Paper: Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US Labor Markets (2017)
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