Landmines and Spatial Development

Giorgio Chiovelli, Stelios Michalopoulos and Elias Papaioannou

No 24758, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: Landmine contamination affects the lives of millions in many conflict-ridden countries long after the cessation of hostilities. Yet, little research exists on its impact on post-conflict recovery. In this study, we explore the economic consequences of landmine clearance in Mozambique, the only country that has moved from "heavily-contaminated" in 1992 to "mine-free" status in 2015. First, we compile a dataset detailing the evolution of clearance, collecting thousands of reports from the numerous demining actors. Second, we exploit the timing of demining to assess its impact on local economic activity, as reflected in satellite images of light density at night. The analysis reveals a moderate positive association that masks sizeable heterogeneity. Economic activity responds strongly to clearance of the transportation network, trade hubs, and more populous areas, while the demining-development association is weak in rural areas of low population density. Third, recognizing that landmine removal recon figured the accessibility to the transportation infrastructure, we apply a "market-access" approach to quantify both its direct and indirect effects. The market-access estimates reveal substantial improvements on aggregate economic activity. The market-access benefits of demining are also present in localities without any contamination. Fourth, counterfactual policy simulations project considerable gains had the fragmented process of clearance in Mozambique been centrally coordinated, prioritizing clearance of the colonial transportation routes.

JEL-codes: N17 O1 O10 R0 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018-06
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-afr
Note: DEV EFG ITI POL
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (9)

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Working Paper: Landmines and Spatial Development (2018)
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