Using Satellite Imagery to Understand and Promote Sustainable Development

Marshall Burke, Anne Driscoll, David Lobell and Stefano Ermon

No 27879, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: Accurate and comprehensive measurements of a range of sustainable development outcomes are fundamental inputs into both research and policy. We synthesize the growing literature that uses satellite imagery to understand these outcomes, with a focus on approaches that combine imagery with machine learning. We quantify the paucity of ground data on key human-related outcomes and the growing abundance and resolution (spatial, temporal, and spectral) of satellite imagery. We then review recent machine learning approaches to model-building in the context of scarce and noisy training data, highlighting how this noise often leads to incorrect assessment of models’ predictive performance. We quantify recent model performance across multiple sustainable development domains, discuss research and policy applications, explore constraints to future progress, and highlight key research directions for the field.

JEL-codes: C45 C55 O1 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020-10
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Published as Marshall Burke & Anne Driscoll & David B. Lobell & Stefano Ermon, 2021. "Using satellite imagery to understand and promote sustainable development," Science, vol 371(6535).

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