The Story of the Real Exchange Rate

Oleg Itskhoki

No 28225, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: The real exchange rate (RER) measures relative price levels across countries, capturing deviations from purchasing power parity (PPP). RER is a key variable in international macroeconomic models as it is central to equilibrium conditions in both goods and asset markets. It is also one of the most starkly-behaved variables empirically, tightly co-moving with the nominal exchange rate and virtually uncorrelated with most other macroeconomic variables, nominal or real. This survey lays out an equilibrium framework of RER determination, focusing separately on each building block and discussing corresponding empirical evidence. We emphasize home bias and incomplete pass-through into prices with expenditure switching and goods market clearing, imperfect international risk sharing, country budget constraint and monetary policy regime. We show that RER is inherently a general-equilibrium variable, which depends on the full model structure and policy regime, and therefore partial theories like PPP are insufficient to explain it. We also discuss issues of stationarity and predictability of exchange rates.

JEL-codes: E31 F31 F41 G15 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020-12
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-cba, nep-mon and nep-opm
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

Published as Oleg Itskhoki, 2021. "The Story of the Real Exchange Rate," Annual Review of Economics, vol 13(1), pages 423-455.

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Journal Article: The Story of the Real Exchange Rate (2021)
Working Paper: The Story of the Real Exchange Rate (2020)
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