Wages, Minimum Wages, and Price Pass-Through: The Case of McDonald’s Restaurants

Orley Ashenfelter and Stepan Jurajda

No 28506, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: We use price and wage data from McDonald's restaurants to provide evidence on wage increases, labor-saving technology introduction, and price pass-through by a large low-wage employer facing a flurry of minimum wage hikes from 2016-2020. We estimate an elasticity of hourly wage rates with respect to minimum wages of 0.7. In 40% of instances where minimum wages increase, McDonald's restaurants' wages are near the effective minimum wage level both before and after its increase; however, we also uncover a tendency among a large subset of restaurants to preserve their pay 'premium' above the minimum wage level. We find no association between the adoption of labor-saving touch screen ordering technology and minimum wage hikes. Our data imply that McDonald's restaurants pass through the higher costs of minimum wage increases in the form of higher prices of the Big Mac sandwich. We find a 0.2 price elasticity with respect to wage increases, which implies an elasticity of prices with respect to minimum wages of about 0.14. Based on a listing of all US McDonald's restaurants from 2010 to 2020, we also find no effects of minimum wages on McDonald's restaurant entry and exit.

JEL-codes: J23 J30 J38 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021-02
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-cwa and nep-lma
Note: LS
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

Published as Orley Ashenfelter & Štěpán Jurajda, 2022. "Minimum Wages, Wages, and Price Pass-Through: The Case of McDonald’s Restaurants," Journal of Labor Economics, vol 40(S1), pages S179-S201.

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Working Paper: Wages, Minimum Wages, and Price Pass-Through: The Case of McDonald's Restaurants (2021)
Working Paper: Wages, Minimum Wages, and Price Pass-through: The Case of McDonald's Restaurants (2021)
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