Measuring U.S. Core Inflation: The Stress Test of COVID-19

Laurence Ball, Daniel Leigh, Prachi Mishra and Antonio Spilimbergo

No 29609, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: Large price changes in industries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic have caused erratic fluctuations in the U.S. headline inflation rate. This paper compares alternative approaches to filtering out the transitory effects of these industry price changes and measuring the underlying or core level of inflation over 2020-2021. The Federal Reserve’s preferred measure of core, the inflation rate excluding food and energy prices, has performed poorly: over most of 2020-21, it is almost as volatile as headline inflation. Measures of core that exclude a fixed set of additional industries, such as the Atlanta Fed’s sticky-price inflation rate, have been less volatile, but the least volatile have been measures that filter out large price changes in any industry, such as the Cleveland Fed’s median inflation rate and the Dallas Fed’s trimmed mean inflation rate. These core measures have followed smooth paths, drifting down when the economy was weak in 2020 and then rising as the economy has rebounded.

JEL-codes: E31 E58 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021-12
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-cba, nep-cwa, nep-mac and nep-mon
Note: ME
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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