The Market and Climate Implications of U.S. LNG Exports

James Stock and Matthew Zaragoza-Watkins

No 32228, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: From 2015 to 2023, the United States transformed from a net importer of natural gas to the world's largest liquified natural gas (LNG) exporter. We find that this surge in LNG exports has reconnected U.S. gas prices to world market prices, after a hiatus of “shut-in” fracked gas. We estimate that the domestic gas price effect of this recoupling is comparable to a $30/ton carbon tax. For coal prices, which are coupled to gas through competition in the power sector, this effect is comparable to a $20/ton carbon tax. Using the NREL ReEDS model, we estimate that this recoupling reduces U.S. 2030 power sector CO2 emissions by roughly 145 million metric tons. These domestic estimates contribute to estimating the overall climate impact of LNG exports.

JEL-codes: Q41 Q48 Q54 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024-03
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-ene, nep-env and nep-int
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