Transgender Earnings Gaps in the United States: Evidence from Administrative Data

Christopher Carpenter, Lucas Goodman and Maxine J. Lee

No 32691, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: We provide the first evidence on transgender earnings in the US using administrative data on over 55,000 individuals who changed their gender marker with the Social Security Administration and had gender-congruent first name changes on tax records. We validate and describe this sample which exhibits positive selection likely associated with the ability to legally affirm gender. To address selection we estimate transgender earnings gaps using timing variation within-person and variation across siblings and coworkers. All three approaches return evidence of robust transgender earnings penalties of 6-13 log points driven by extensive and intensive margin differences.

JEL-codes: J0 J10 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024-07
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-dem, nep-hea and nep-lab
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