Tasks At Work: Comparative Advantage, Technology and Labor Demand

Daron Acemoglu, Fredric Kong and Pascual Restrepo

No 32872, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: This chapter reviews recent advances in the task model and shows how this framework can be put to work to understand the major labor market trends of the last several decades. Production in each industry necessitates the completion of a range of tasks, which can be allocated to workers of different skill types or to capital. Factors of production have well-defined comparative advantage across tasks, which governs the pattern of substitution between skill groups. Technological change can: (1) augment a specific labor type—e.g., increase the productivity of labor in tasks it is already performing; (2) augment capital; (3) automate work by enabling capital to perform tasks previously allocated to labor; (4) create new tasks. The task model clarifies that these different types of technological changes have distinct effects on labor demand, factor shares and productivity, and their full impact depends on the pattern of substitution between different factors which arises endogenously in the task framework. We explore the implications of the task framework using reduced-form evidence, which highlights the central role of automation and new tasks in recent labor market trends. We also explain how general equilibrium effects ignored in these reduced-form approaches can be estimated structurally.

JEL-codes: J23 J31 O33 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024-08
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-lma and nep-tid
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