New Goods, Old Theory, and the Welfare Costs of Trade Restrictions

Paul Romer

No 4452, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: The typical economic model implicitly assumes that the set of goods in an economy never changes. As a result, the predicted efficiency loss from a tariff is small, on the order of the square of the tariff rate. If we loosen this assumption and assume that international trade can bring new goods into an economy, the fraction of national income lost when a tariff is imposed can be much larger, as much as two times the tariff rate. Much of this paper is devoted to explaining why this seemingly small change in the assumptions of a model can have such important positive and normative implications. The paper also asks why the implications of new goods have not been more extensively explored, especially given that the basic economic issues were identified more than 150 years ago. The mathematical difficulty of modeling new goods has no doubt been part of the problem. An equally, if not more important stumbling block has been the deep philosophical resistance that humans feel toward the unavoidable logical consequence of assuming that genuinely new things can happen at every juncture: the world as we know it is the result of a long string of chance outcomes.

JEL-codes: F12 O10 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 1993-09
Note: EFG
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (140)

Published as Journal of Development Economics Vol. 43, pp. 5-38, 1994

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Journal Article: New goods, old theory, and the welfare costs of trade restrictions (1994)
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