Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the Modern World Income Distribution

Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and James Robinson

No 8460, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: Among countries colonized by European powers during the past 500 years those that were relatively rich in 1500 are now relatively poor. We document this reversal using data on urbanization patterns and population density, which, we argue, proxy for economic prosperity. This reversal is inconsistent with a view that links economic development to geographic factors. According to the geography view, societies that were relatively rich in 1500 should also be relatively rich today. In contrast, the reversal is consistent with the role of institutions in economic development. The expansion of European overseas empires starting in the 15th century led to a major change in the institutions of the societies they colonized. In fact, the European intervention appears to have created an 'institutional reversal' among these societies, in the sense that Europeans were more likely to introduce institutions encouraging investment in regions that were previously poor. This institutional reversal accounts for the reversal in relative incomes. We provide further support for this view by documenting that the reversal in relative incomes took place during the 19th century, and resulted from societies with good institutions taking advantage of industrialization opportunities.

JEL-codes: O10 P16 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2001-09
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-dev, nep-lam, nep-pke and nep-pol
Note: CF DAE EFG
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (145)

Published as Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson and James A. Robinson. "Reversal Of Fortune: Geography And Institutions In The Making Of The Modern World Income Distribution," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2002, v107(4,Nov), 1231-1294.

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