유럽의 첨단산업 지원 현황과 정책 시사점(The Current Status of Support for Advanced Industries in Europe and Policy Implications for Korea)

Hyun Jean Lee and You Jin Lim
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Hyun Jean Lee: Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)
You Jin Lim: Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)

No 25-6, Policy Reference from Korea Institute for International Economic Policy

Abstract: 유럽은 세계 경제 질서의 변화와 특정 국가에 대한 높은 자원 및 기술 의존도에 주목하고 경제안보에 대한 위기의식과 유럽 내 산업 보호 및 발전의 필요성을 느끼면서 첨단산업의 경쟁력 제고를 위한 정책을 지속적으로 제시하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 유럽 첨단산업의 현황을 교역, R&D 지출, 인력 측면에서 살펴보고 현재 글로벌 첨단산업의 선두주자인 미국이나 중국과 경쟁력 측면에서 비교함으로써 유럽 첨단산업의 위상 및 강점과 약점을 도출하였다. 또한 유럽 첨단산업 지원 정책의 추진 방향을 혁신 촉진 및 기술 격차 축소, 투자 확대 그리고 공정한 경쟁 환경 조성이라는 관점에서 살펴보고 주요 세부 첨단산업 관련 정책을 살펴보았다. Recognizing changes in the global economic order and its severe dependency on foreign resources and technology, Europe is greatly invested in strengthening its economic security and further developing its industries. Consecutively, European governments have introduced policies to enhance the competitiveness of their advanced industries. This study identifies the status, strengths and weaknesses of European advanced industries, by examining the present conditions of advanced industries in Europe in terms of trade, R&D expenditure, and human resources, and also comparing the competitiveness in advanced industries with the US and China. Furthermore, it identifies the policy direction of the EU and the UK for advanced industries from the perspectives of promoting innovation and bridging the technological gap, expanding investment, and fostering a level playing environment. This study also reviews the key support policies and regulations for specific sectors in advanced industries, i.e., batteries, semiconductors, AI & digital industry, health & biotech, clean technology, and aerospace.

Keywords: Advanced Industries; Europe; Industrial Policy; Economic Cooperation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 178
Date: 2025-10-28
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