AI 시대의 디지털 통상규범 연구(Digital Trade Rules in the Age of AI: Global Regulatory Trends and Korea’s Strategic Direction)

Minji Kang
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Minji Kang: Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)

No 25-9, Policy Reference from Korea Institute for International Economic Policy

Abstract: WTO 차원의 디지털 통상규범 논의가 지연되는 동안, 자유무역협정(FTA)의 전자상거래 장과 독립적 디지털 통상협정(DTA)을 통한 양자·지역 차원의 규범 형성이 활발히 진행되어 왔다. 그러나 이러한 협정들은 국가별·시기별로 규범의 수준과 범위가 상이하여 규범의 파편화(fragmentation)가 심화되고 있다. 또한 인공지능(AI)의 급격한 발전은 이러한 디지털 통상질서에 새로운 도전과제를 제기하고 있다. 대규모 데이터 수집·활용 과정에서의 개인정보 및 저작권 침해, 플랫폼의 데이터 독점, 허위정보 확산, 사이버 안보 리스크 등은 기존 통상규범이 예상하지 못한 영역으로, AI 기술은 단순한 기술혁신을 넘어 데이터 거버넌스, 지식재산권, 경쟁정책, 윤리 규범 등 다층적 통상 이슈를 야기하고 있다. 이에 따라 각국은 AI 관련 법제와 정책을 정비하고 있으며, 국제적 협력과 제도화의 필요성이 높아지고 있다. While WTO-level discussions on digital trade rules have been delayed, rule-making at the bilateral and regional levels—through e-commerce chapters in free trade agreements (FTAs) and stand-alone digital trade agreements (DTAs)—has advanced rapidly. However, because these agreements differ substantially across countries and over time in both the depth and scope of their provisions, regulatory fragmentation has intensified. At the same time, the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) is introducing new challenges to the emerging digital trade order. Issues such as privacy and copyright infringement arising from large-scale data collection and use, data dominance by digital platforms, the spread of misinformation, and heightened cyber security risks fall outside what traditional trade rules anticipated. AI technologies now generate multidimensional implications across data governance, intellectual property rights, competition policy, and ethical and safety standards, thereby heightening the need for domestic regulatory preparedness as well as international cooperation and institutionalization.

Keywords: Digital Trade Rules; AI; International Trade; E-commerce; Digitalization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 200
Date: 2025-12-12
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