유럽 방위산업 강화 전략과 한-EU 협력방안(Strategy for Strengthening European Defence Industry and Policy Recommendations for Korea-EU Cooperation)

Taehyun Oh
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Taehyun Oh: Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)

No 25-16, Policy Reference from Korea Institute for International Economic Policy

Abstract: 제2차 세계대전 이후 유럽연합(EU)의 군사안보는 미국이 주도하는 북대서양조약기구(NATO)에 전적으로 의존해 왔다. EU 차원의 통합 논의는 경제와 금융 부문에서는 고도로 발전해왔으나, 군사안보 분야는 회원국 고유 권한과 초국가적 주도권 사이의 갈등으로 인해 통합수준이 상대적으로 낮았다. 그러나 2022년 러시아-우크라이나 전쟁을 계기로 유럽 안보 지형은 큰 변화를 맞는다. 2차 세계대전 이후 처음으로 유럽 대륙 내 전면전이 발생한 것은 물론 미국의 트럼프 행정부가 NATO에 대한 EU의 과도한 의존을 비판하며 방위비 증액 요구가 있었다. 이에 따라 EU는 자체적인 전략적 자율성을 확보하고 방위안보 역량을 강화해야 하는 필요성을 절감하게 되었다. EU 집행위원회는 2030년까지 자율적이고 경쟁력 있는 방위태세를 구축하기 위한 방위산업 강화 전략을 발표하면서 EU 역내 방산기업의 경쟁력 강화 및 공동 조달에 적극 나서고 있다. ince the end of World War II, the European Union’s (EU) defense and security architecture has relied almost entirely on the US-centered North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO). While integration at the EU level has made significant progress in the economic and financial integration, defense and security remain relatively underdeveloped due to ongoing tensions between member states’ sovereign authority and supranational leadership. However, the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war in 2022 marked a fundamental turning point in Europe’s security landscape. Not only was it the first full-scale war on the European continent since World War II, but it also coincided with renewed criticism from the Trump administration regarding the EU’s excessive dependence on NATO and demands for increased defense spending. As a result, the EU came to recognize more acutely the necessity of securing strategic autonomy and strengthening its own defense capabilities. In response, the European Commission announced a strategy to reinforce the defense industrial base and build an autonomous and competitive defense posture by 2030, launching full-scale policy efforts to enhance the competitiveness of EU-based defense firms and promote joint procurement.

Keywords: European Defence Industry; Korea-EU Cooperation; EU; Industrial Policy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 140
Date: 2026-03-16
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