유럽 주요국 녹색당의 성공 및 실패 요인 분석(Determinants of Success and Failure of Green Parties in Europe)

Dong-Hee Joe, Youngook Jang (), Hyun Jean Lee () and Hyung Jun Yoon ()
Additional contact information
Youngook Jang: KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP), Postal: [30147] Building C, Sejong National Research Complex, 370, Sicheong-daero, Sejong-si, Korea, https://www.kiep.go.kr/eng/
Hyun Jean Lee: KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP), Postal: [30147] Building C, Sejong National Research Complex, 370, Sicheong-daero, Sejong-si, Korea, https://www.kiep.go.kr/eng/
Hyung Jun Yoon: KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP), Postal: [30147] Building C, Sejong National Research Complex, 370, Sicheong-daero, Sejong-si, Korea, https://www.kiep.go.kr/eng/

No 21-9, Policy Reference from Korea Institute for International Economic Policy

Abstract: 코로나19 대유행 이전부터 시작된 ‘녹색전환(Green Transformation)’은 코로나19 이후에도 주요국들의 주된 경제정책 방향이 될 전망이다. 녹색전환은 유럽 주요국, 특히 영국과 독일, 그리고 유럽연합(EU: European Union) 이 앞장서왔고, 그 배경에는 기후변화 대응 정책에 대한 국민적인 지지가 있었다. 그런데 그러한 국민적 지지가 기후변화 대응을 전면에 내세우는 정당(통칭 녹색당)의 선거 결과로 이어지는 정도는 국가마다 다르다. 이러한 유럽의 사례 에서 녹색당의 성공 또는 부진 원인을 파악하는 것은 기후변화 대응 정책에서 녹색당의 역할을 이해하는 데 도움을 줄 것이다. 이는 환경을 전면에 내세운 정당이 극히 저조한 지지를 받아온 한국에서 기후변화 대응 정책을 지속시키기 위한 시사점을 줄 것이다. 이러한 배경 아래 본 연구는 영국, 독일, EU에서 환경 관련 주요 정당의 현황과 역사를 살펴보고, 제도권 정치에서 그들의 성공과 실패에 대한 원인을 분석하였다. 관련 문헌은 한국에서 환경을 전면에 내세운 정당의 선거 결과가 극히 부진한 원인으로 세 가지 가능성, 즉 국민의 인식, 선거제도, 기존 주요 정당들의 대응을 꼽는다. 따라서 본 연구는 이 세 가지 측면에 집중하여 개별 사례를 분석하였다. The Green Transformation that has begun before the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to continue to be a major economic policy of governments around the globe. Major European countries, especially the United Kingdom and Germany, along with the European Union, are at the forefront of this transformation. However, electoral outcomes of political parties focused on climate change (i.e., Green Parties) differ significantly among these cases. Analyzing the reasons of their electoral success or failure can help understanding their role in climate-change policy. This, in turn, can teach how to make climate policy sustainable in Korea where political support for Green Parties is extremely low. We review the history of Green Parties in the UK, Germany and the EU and analyze the reasons for their success or failure. The related literature considers three major reasons for the extremely low electoral outcomes of Green Parties in Korea, namely the public’s attitude, electoral system and major traditional parties’ reactions. Following this, we focus on those three factors. To the concerned readers in Korea, the UK’s case shows, above all, that a substantial presence of Green Parties in the legislature is not a necessary condition for an active climate policy by the government. Instead, it emphasizes the importance of concrete commitments through legislation and institutionalization and wide consensus, including that of businesses, that the additional costs in the short run will result in net economic gains in the long run. The EU’s case shows that creating a platform on which interested parties of various types can actively participate in the discussion and formation of climate policy and putting more focus on “just transition” can be good starting points for achieving this consensus. (the rest omitted)

Keywords: 환경정책; 에너지산업 environmental policy; energy industry (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 100 pages
Date: 2022-12-30
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-ene and nep-env
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