Environmental Kuznets curve and green regulation

Luca Bettarelli, Davide Furceri, Prakash Loungani, Jonathan D. Ostry and Loredana Pisano

No wp-2025-18, WIDER Working Paper Series from World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER)

Abstract: In this paper, we first test the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, using a large sample of approximately 190 advanced and developing countries, over a period of 34 years (1989-2022). We find that (CO 2 ) emissions respond positively to increasing income per capita, up to a turning point of approximately US$25,000. In a departure from the previous literature, we allow the relationship between economic development and emissions to depend on the stringency of environmental regulation.

Keywords: Kuznets; Climate change; Environmental policy; Carbon tax (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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