Parental labor market penalties during two years of COVID-19

Maria De Paola () and Salvatore Lattanzio

No 749, Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) from Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area

Abstract: We use a matched employer-employee dataset covering the universe of employees in the Italian private sector to compare labor market outcomes for mothers and fathers during the pandemic. We find that mothers experienced a larger penalty in terms of reduced labor market earnings compared to fathers (-17.4 vs -8.6 percent) in 2020 and the first half of 2021. In contrast, starting from July 2021, we observe similar trends in mothers' and fathers' earnings. Evidence highlighting differences in penalties according to the sector of activity (essential vs non-essential), the type of contract, the age of children, and the pre-pandemic mother-father pay gap suggests that both demand and supply factors have played a role in explaining the gendered impact of COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; parenthood; recession (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J16 J31 J70 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023-03
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-eur and nep-lab
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Journal Article: Parental labor market penalties during two years of COVID-19 (2025)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_749_23

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