Pension return assumptions and shareholder-employee risk-shifting

Shingo Goto and Noriyoshi Yanase

Journal of Corporate Finance, 2021, vol. 70, issue C

Abstract: Firm managers of defined-benefit (DB) pension plan sponsors reveal their primary motives — risk-shifting or risk-management — through their assumed expected rates of return (ERRs) on the plan assets. Managers with risk-shifting motives choose high ERRs to exploit flexible internal financing from employees via pension underfunding. Those with risk-management motives choose low ERRs to reduce future cash-flow uncertainty by improving the pension funding status. We examine if ERRs predict the firms’ future cash-flow allocation between pension funding and corporate investments, in a Japanese sample that mitigates the selection bias concern for US DB plan sponsors. Using dynamic panel regressions that control for lagged dependent variables, firms’ business prospects, and unobserved fixed effects, we show that higher ERRs precede higher capital investments, R&D expenses, and net pension obligations while revealing managerial aggression, especially among firms with high external financing costs. Higher ERRs predict higher market-to-book ratios for the firms with larger R&Ds and/or underfunding, suggesting that the risk-shifting channel of internal financing with high ERRs can help alleviate underinvestment problems.

Keywords: Defined-benefit (DB) plans; Corporate pensions; Internal financing; Risk shifting; Risk management; Underinvestment; Employees; Shareholders; Pension assumptions; Pension funding; Underfunding; Dynamic panel data analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: G14 G22 G32 J22 M41 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:corfin:v:70:y:2021:i:c:s0929119921001693

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2021.102047

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