Are macroeconomic indices fool's gold?

Maurizio Motolese and Hiroyuki Nakata

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2024, vol. 217, issue C, 240-260

Abstract: This paper examines how closely aggregate macroeconomic indices such as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and market price volatility indices are associated with social welfare when heterogeneous beliefs are present. While it is widely recognised that the GDP fails to capture distributional effects, volatility measures are often argued to supplement the GDP with this regard. Although heterogeneous beliefs are known to be capable of generating large economic and/or price fluctuations, it is not straightforward whether volatility is closely associated with welfare when heterogeneous beliefs are present. By constructing a simulation model of a financial economy with production and credit constraints that allows for heterogeneous beliefs, we show that major discrepancies between aggregate measures, including volatility measures, and ex post welfare are not the exception, but the rule. Also, the paper analyses the mechanism that causes the discrepancies. Our results strongly suggest welfare be measured by observing the distribution of realised consumption across agents and over time — in particular, its lower tail. In short, macroeconomic indices may well easily become a fool's gold.

Keywords: Ex post welfare; Heterogeneous beliefs; Rational belief; Social welfare; Volatility (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D52 D60 D84 E32 G18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:jeborg:v:217:y:2024:i:c:p:240-260

DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2023.11.007

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