Carbohydrate and Amino Acid Profiles of Cotton Plant Biomass Products

Zhongqi He, Dan C. Olk, Haile Tewolde, Hailin Zhang and Mark Shankle
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Zhongqi He: USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
Dan C. Olk: USDA-ARS, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA 50011, USA
Haile Tewolde: USDA-ARS, Crop Science Research Laboratory, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
Hailin Zhang: Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
Mark Shankle: Pontotoc Ridge-Flatwoods Branch Experiment Station, Mississippi State Univ., Pontotoc, MS 38863, USA

Agriculture, 2019, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: To achieve the optimal and diverse utilization of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ) plant residues in various agricultural, industrial, and environmental applications, the chemical composition of cotton biomass tissues across different plant parts (e.g., seed, boll, bur, leaves, stalk, stem, and root) is of essential information. Thus, in this work, we collected field-grown whole mature cotton plants and separated them into distinct biomass fractions including main stems, leaf blades, branches, petioles, roots, and reproductive parts (mid-season growth stage) or bur, peduncles/bract, and seed cotton (pre-defoliation stage). The contents of selected carbohydrates and amino acids in these cotton biomass materials were determined. Both essential and nonessential amino acids were enriched in cotton leaf blades and reproductive parts. The distribution pattern of the selected carbohydrates differed from that of amino acids—higher contents of carbohydrate were found in roots, main stems, and branches. Although glucose was the most abundant non-structural carbohydrate in cotton plant parts at mid-season, xylose was the most abundant in most plant parts at the pre-defoliation stage. Nutritional carbohydrates and amino acids were further accumulated in seeds at pre-defoliation. The information reported in this work would be helpful in exploring and optimizing management practices and processing strategies for utilizing cotton crop biomass materials as valuable and renewable natural resources.

Keywords: amino acids; biomass; carbohydrates; cotton; GM/AX ratio (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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