Root System Architecture and Omics Approaches for Belowground Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

Shubham Joshi, Viswanathan Chinnusamy and Rohit Joshi ()
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Shubham Joshi: Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India
Viswanathan Chinnusamy: Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
Rohit Joshi: Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India

Agriculture, 2022, vol. 12, issue 10, 1-18

Abstract: Plant growth and productivity is negatively affected by several abiotic stresses. To overcome the antagonistic effect of a changing environment, plants have evolved several modifications at the physiological as well as molecular levels. Besides being a vital organ for a plant’s nutrient uptake, roots also plays a significant role in abiotic stress regulation. This review provides insight into changing Root System Architecture (RSA) under varying environmental stimuli using high-throughput omics technologies. Several next-generation and high-throughput omics technologies, such as phenomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, will help in the analysis of the response of root architectural traits under climatic vagaries and their impact on crop yield. Various phenotypic technologies have been implied for the identification of diverse root traits in the field as well as laboratory conditions, such as root-box pinboards, rhizotrons, shovelomics, ground-penetrating radar, etc. These phenotypic analyses also help in identifying the genetic regulation of root-related traits in different crops. High-throughput genomic as well as transcriptome analysis has led researchers to unravel the role of the root system in response to these environmental cues, even at the single-cell level. Detailed analysis at the protein and metabolite levels can provide a better understanding of the response of roots under different abiotic stresses. These technologies will help in the improvement of crop productivity and development of resistant varieties.

Keywords: differentially expressed genes; phenotyping; genomics; nutrient stress; transcriptomics; proteomics; metabolomics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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