Trifoliate Orange-Related Rootstocks Enhance the Horticultural Performance of ‘Shamouti’ Sweet Orange under Humid Subtropical Condition

Deived Uilian de Carvalho (), Rui Pereira Leite Junior, Inês Fumiko Ubukata Yada and Zuleide Hissano Tazima
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Deived Uilian de Carvalho: Área de Proteção de Plantas, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná–IAPAR/Emater (IDR-Paraná), km 375 Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina 86047-902, PR, Brazil
Rui Pereira Leite Junior: Área de Proteção de Plantas, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná–IAPAR/Emater (IDR-Paraná), km 375 Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina 86047-902, PR, Brazil
Inês Fumiko Ubukata Yada: Área de Biometria, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná–IAPAR/Emater (IDR-Paraná), km 375 Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina 86047-902, PR, Brazil
Zuleide Hissano Tazima: Área de Fitotecnia, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná–IAPAR/Emater (IDR-Paraná), km 375 Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina 86047-902, PR, Brazil

Agriculture, 2022, vol. 12, issue 11, 1-17

Abstract: The narrow genetic pool for both scions and rootstocks used in the Brazilian orchards makes the citrus industry vulnerable to biotic and abiotic threats. Orchard diversification by using different scion–rootstock combinations is an efficient measure to promote citrus protection, through increasing the level of genetic diversity. In this paper, we report the horticultural performance of the mid-season ‘Shamouti’ sweet orange grafted on five different rootstocks (‘Rangpur’ lime, ‘Swingle’ citrumelo, ‘C-13′ citrange, and ‘Cleopatra’ and ‘Sunki’ mandarins) in a long-term experiment (2007–2017) under the Brazilian humid subtropical condition. ‘Shamouti’ trees were assessed for vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality. Additionally, a study was performed to estimate tree density and yield for new plantings. Trees grafted on ‘Swingle’ and ‘C-13′ rootstocks were less vigorous and more productive, with cumulative yields of >480 kg per tree, allowing high-density plantings (363–337 trees·ha −1 ). Trees on ‘Cleopatra’, ‘Sunki’, and ‘Rangpur’ were the most vigorous among the tested rootstocks, with tree heights > 4.20 m. However, they took longer to establish in the field, evidenced by their growth progress. These combinations also displayed the lowest tree density estimation (≤311 trees·ha −1 ). Trees on ‘Cleopatra’ exhibited the lowest cumulative yield (255 kg per tree). Although some significant differences were found for fruit quality, all rootstock combinations produced fruit of suitable quality, attending the commercial grading. Our findings evidence the potential of the trifoliate orange-related rootstocks ‘C-13′ and ‘Swingle’ to be used as promising rootstocks for ‘Shamouti’ cultivation in the humid subtropics, promoting genetic diversification and enhancing yield and tree density in new orchards.

Keywords: Citrus spp.; scion–rootstock interaction; soil–climate adaptation; tree growth; yield; fruit quality; tree density (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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