Manure Application Timing and Incorporation Effects on Ammonia and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Corn

Jessica Sherman, Eric Young (), William Jokela and Burney Kieke
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Jessica Sherman: Institute for Environmentally Integrated Dairy Management Research, USDA-ARS, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
Eric Young: Institute for Environmentally Integrated Dairy Management Research, USDA-ARS, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
William Jokela: Institute for Environmentally Integrated Dairy Management Research, USDA-ARS, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
Burney Kieke: Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA

Agriculture, 2022, vol. 12, issue 11, 1-15

Abstract: Manure application influences ammonia (NH 3 ) and greenhouse gas emissions; however, few studies have quantified the effects of manure application methods and timing on NH 3 , nitrous oxide (N 2 O), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and methane (CH 4 ) fluxes simultaneously. We evaluated surface-applied liquid manure application with disk incorporation versus injection on NH 3 , N 2 O, CO 2 , and CH 4 fluxes in central Wisconsin corn silage ( Zea mays L.) plots during pre-plant (PP) and sidedress (SD) application windows from 2009 to 2011. Manure treatments were PP injection (PP-Inject) and injection at sidedress time (SD-Inject) to growing corn, along with two incorporation times for PP surface application (within 24 h—PP-1-hr; within 3 days—PP-3-day). Mean NH 3 emissions were 95% lower for injected treatments compared to surface application in both years, with larger losses for PP-3-day and SD-Surf. While N 2 O fluxes were generally low, larger increases after manure application were associated with injection and triggered by soil moisture/temperature changes. Mean CO 2 and CH 4 were unaffected by manure treatments and influenced more by weather. Overall, injection conserved more available soil N while contributing to modest N 2 O emission, suggesting manure injection may offer greater agri-environmental benefits on the whole over surface application.

Keywords: soil and manure management; soil science; nutrient management (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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