Influence of Biochar and Modified Polyglutamic Acid Co-Coated Urea on Crop Growth and Nitrogen Budget in Rice Fields

Lei Wei, Lin Cheng (), Fuxing Guo, Fuyong Wu and Yanping Wang
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Lei Wei: School of Hydraulic Engineering, Wanjiang University of Technology, Maanshan 243000, China
Lin Cheng: School of Hydraulic Engineering, Wanjiang University of Technology, Maanshan 243000, China
Fuxing Guo: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Fuyong Wu: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Yanping Wang: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

Agriculture, 2024, vol. 14, issue 12, 1-18

Abstract: Natural superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were essential coating materials for developing slow-release fertilizers (SRFs) due to low cost and biodegradability. However, conventional natural SAPs were unsuitable for rice systems due to low stability and short slow-release period. Herein, a natural SAP with a semi-interpenetrating polymer network was prepared by poly (γ-glutamic acid) (PGlu), diatomite, and pullulan polysaccharide and combined with biochar to develop double-layer co-coated slow-release urea for rice systems. The results indicated that diatomite and pullulan modification significantly improved the slow-release capacity of SAP, with a significant increase in the average fertilizer 15 N content of the soil profile by 37.9 ± 7.4% in 14–56 days. The improved slow-release capacity had significant benefits for the sustainability of the rice system, which increased plant N uptake by 17.2 ± 4.8%, decreased fertilizer N losses by 30.4 ± 7.2%, and increased rice grain yield by 9.88 ± 3.6%. More importantly, this natural SAP was fully degradable and its decomposition products are large amounts of small-molecule nutrients that could provide additional C, N, and Si to rice. Therefore, novel co-coated SRF may emerge as a greatly promising candidate for future intensive paddies.

Keywords: slow-release fertilizers; superabsorbent polymers; biochar; nitrogen isotope tracing; nitrogen use efficiency; nitrogen losses (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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