Genetic Diversity of Local Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and Traceability in the Production of Galician Bread (Protected Geographical Indication) by Microsatellites

Luís Urquijo-Zamora, Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo, Ángeles Romero-Rodríguez, Matilde Lombardero-Fernández, Ana María Ramos-Cabrer () and Cristina Isabel Fernández-Otero
Additional contact information
Luís Urquijo-Zamora: Department of Crop Production, Agricultural Research Center of Mabegondo, 15318 A Coruña, Spain
Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo: Department of Plant Production and Engineering Projects, Higher Polytechnic School of Engineering, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
Ángeles Romero-Rodríguez: Institute for Agrarian Biodiversity and Rural Development (IBADER), Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
Matilde Lombardero-Fernández: Institute for Agrarian Biodiversity and Rural Development (IBADER), Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
Ana María Ramos-Cabrer: Department of Plant Production and Engineering Projects, Higher Polytechnic School of Engineering, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
Cristina Isabel Fernández-Otero: Department of Crop Production, Agricultural Research Center of Mabegondo, 15318 A Coruña, Spain

Agriculture, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-19

Abstract: Galician wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) serves as the foundational component of Galician bread, a traditional Spanish product granted the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI, EU quality scheme), which is primarily conserved at the Agricultural Research Center of Mabegondo (CIAM), Xunta de Galicia, A Coruña, Spain. This study evaluated 20 ecotypes and cultivars, in comparison to 4 Galician wheats and 14 commercial wheat varieties used as references. Seventeen simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were evaluated to elucidate their genetic structure, determine their origins, and differentiate them from commercial cultivars for traceability purposes. In total, 296 wheat plants were analyzed, revealing 156 unique genotypes, 13 of which were from commercial cultivars and 143 of which were from local cultivars and ecotypes. The SSR loci revealed 221 microsatellite alleles, with an average of 11 alleles per locus. Of these, 151 alleles were found in local cultivars and ecotypes, and 134 were present in commercial cultivars, with 65 and 50 alleles exclusive to each group, respectively. A Structure software analysis demonstrated substantial genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.26) between two primary clusters, RPP1 (comprising commercial cultivars, and two ecotypes, 41 and 43) and RPP2 (consisting of local cultivars, elite lines, and ecotypes). Moreover, neighbor-joining tree analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed the high differentiation between these clusters, highlighting the singularity of Galician wheat, which is useful for the traceability of Galician bread. Furthermore, the SSRs were effective in tracking the use of Galician wheat, which displayed specific Galician alleles, in flour, sourdough, and bread samples, corroborating previous findings even when a greater number of Galician ecotypes were included.

Keywords: simple sequence repeats (SSRs); Triticum aestivum L.; variability; local cultivars; ecotypes; germplasm bank; traceability; quality bread (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/1/51/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/1/51/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jagris:v:15:y:2024:i:1:p:51-:d:1555345

Access Statistics for this article

Agriculture is currently edited by Ms. Leda Xuan

More articles in Agriculture from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().