Exponential smoothing and non-negative data

Muhammad Akram (), Rob Hyndman and John Ord
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Muhammad Akram: Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics

No 2008-003, Working Papers from The George Washington University, Department of Economics, H. O. Stekler Research Program on Forecasting

Abstract: The most common forecasting methods in business are based on exponential smoothing and the most common time series in business are inherently non-negative. Therefore it is of interest to consider the properties of the potential stochastic models underlying exponential smoothing when applied to non-negative data. We explore exponential smoothing state space models for non-negative data under various assumptions about the innovations, or error, process. We first demonstrate that prediction distributions from some commonly used state space models may have an infinite variance beyond a certain forecasting horizon. For multiplicative error models which do not have this flaw, we show that sample paths will converge almost surely to zero even when the error distribution is non-Gaussian. We propose a new model with similar properties to exponential smoothing, but which does not have these problems, and we develop some distributional properties for our new model. We then explore the implications of our results for inference, and compare the short-term forecasting performance of the various models using data on the weekly sales of over three hundred items of costume jewelry. The main findings of the research are that the Gaussian approximation is adequate for estimation and one-step-ahead forecasting. However, as the forecasting horizon increases, the approximate prediction intervals become increasingly problematic. When the model is to be used for simulation purposes, a suitably specified scheme must be employed.

Keywords: forecasting; time series; exponential smoothing; positive-valued processes; seasonality; state space models. (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C1 C5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 24 pages
Date: 2008-07
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-ecm, nep-ets and nep-for
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

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