Corporate Financing Decisions When Investors Take the Path of Least Resistance

Malcolm Baker, Joshua Coval and Jeremy Stein

No 10998, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: We explore the consequences for corporate financial policy that arise when investors exhibit inertial behavior. One implication of investor inertia is that, all else equal, a firm pursuing a strategy of equity-financed growth will prefer a stock-for-stock merger to greenfield investment financed with an SEO. With a merger, acquirer stock is placed in the hands of investors, who, because of inertia, do not resell it all on the open market. If there is downward-sloping demand for acquirer shares, this leads to less price pressure than an SEO, and cheaper equity financing as a result. We develop a simple model to illustrate this idea, and present supporting empirical evidence. Both individual and institutional investors tend to hang on to shares granted them in mergers, with this tendency being much stronger for individuals. Consistent with the model and with this cross-sectional pattern in inertia, acquirers targeting firms with high institutional ownership experience more negative announcement effects and greater announcement volume. Moreover, the results are strongest when the overlap in target and acquirer institutional ownership is low and when the demand curve for the acquirer's shares appears to be steep.

JEL-codes: G32 G34 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2004-12
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-acc, nep-cfn and nep-fin
Note: CF
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (7)

Published as Baker, Malcolm, Joshua Coval and Jeremy Stein. “Corporate Financing Decisions When Investors Take the Path of Least Resistance.” Journal of Financial Economics 84, 2 (2007): 266-298.

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