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Trade and Empire

Kris James Mitchener and Marc Weidenmier (marc_weidenmier@claremontmckenna.edu)

No 13765, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: Although many modern studies find large and significant effects of prior colonial status on bilateral trade, there is very little empirical research that has focused on the contemporaneous impact of empire on trade. We employ a new database of over 21,000 bilateral trade observations during the Age of High Imperialism, 1870-1913, to quantitatively assess the effect of empire on trade. Our augmented gravity model shows that belonging to an empire roughly doubled trade relative to those countries that were not part of an empire. The positive impact that empire exerts on trade does not appear to be sensitive to whether the metropole was Britain, France, Germany, Spain, or the United States or to the inclusion of other institutional factors such as being on the gold standard. In addition, we examine some of the channels through which colonial status impacted bilateral trade flows. The empirical analysis suggests that empires increased trade by lowering transactions costs and by establishing trade policies that promoted trade within empires. In particular, the use of a common language, the establishment of currency unions, the monetizing of recently acquired colonies, preferential trade arrangements, and customs unions help to account for the observed increase in trade associated with empire.

JEL-codes: F15 F33 N20 N23 N40 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2008-01
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-his and nep-int
Note: DAE
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (57)

Published as KrisJames Mitchener & Marc Weidenmier, 2008. "Trade and Empire," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 118(533), pages 1805-1834, November.

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