Tax Policies for Low-Carbon Technologies

Gilbert Metcalf

No 15054, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: The U.S. tax code provides a number of subsidies for low-carbon technologies. I discuss the difficulties of achieving key policy goals with subsidies as opposed to using taxes to raise the price of pollution-related activities. In particular, subsidies lower the cost of energy (on average) rather than raising it. Thus consumer demand responses work at cross purposes to the goal of reducing emissions (especially as average cost pricing is used for electricity). Second, it is difficult to achieve technology neutrality with subsidies -- here defined as an equal subsidy cost per ton of CO2 avoided. Third, many subsidies are inframarginal. Finally, subsidies often suffer from unintended interactions with other policies. I conclude with some observations on the use of price-based instruments. In particular I discuss how a carbon tax could be designed to achieve environmental goals of emission caps over a control period.

JEL-codes: H23 Q48 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2009-06
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-ene, nep-env, nep-pbe and nep-pub
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (16)

Published as Metcalf, Gilbert E., 2009. "Tax Policies for Low-Carbon Technologies," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association, vol. 62(3), pages 519-33, September.

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