Cognitive Disparities, Lead Plumbing, and Water Chemistry: Intelligence Test Scores and Exposure to Water-Borne Lead Among World War Two U.S. Army Enlistees

Joseph P. Ferrie, Karen Rolf and Werner Troesken

No 17161, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: Assessing the impact of lead exposure is difficult if individuals select on the basis of their characteristics into environments with different exposure levels. We address this issue with data from when the dangers of lead exposure were still largely unknown, using new evidence on intelligence test scores for male World War Two U.S. Army enlistees linked to the households where they resided in 1930. Higher exposure to water-borne lead (proxied by urban residence and low water pH levels) was associated with lower test scores: going from pH 6 to pH 5.5, scores fell 5 points (1/4 standard deviation). A longer time exposed led to a more severe effect. The ubiquity of lead in urban water systems at this time and uncertainty regarding its impact mean these effects are unlikely to have resulted from selection into locations with different levels of exposure.

JEL-codes: I10 N3 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2011-06
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-neu and nep-ure
Note: DAE EH
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (6)

Published as Joseph P. Ferrie & Karen Rolf & Werner Troesken, 2012. "Cognitive disparities, lead plumbing, and water chemistry: Prior exposure to water-borne lead and intelligence test scores among World War Two U.S. Army enlistees," Economics & Human Biology, vol 10(1), pages 98-111.

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