Costly Blackouts? Measuring Productivity and Environmental Effects of Electricity Shortages

Karen Fisher-Vanden, Erin Mansur and Qiong (Juliana) Wang

No 17741, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: In many countries, unreliable inputs, particularly those lacking storage, can significantly limit a firm's productivity. In the case of an increasing frequency of blackouts, a firm may change factor shares in a number of ways. It may decide to self generate electricity, to purchase intermediate goods that it used to produce directly, or to improve its technical efficiency. We examine how industrial firms responded to China's severe power shortages in the early 2000s. Fast-growing demand coupled with regulated electricity prices led to blackouts that varied in degree over location and time. Our data consist of annual observations from 1999 to 2004 for approximately 32,000 energy-intensive, enterprises from all industries. We estimate the losses in productivity due to factor-neutral and factor-biased effects of electricity scarcity. Our results suggest that enterprises re-optimize among factors in response to electricity scarcity by shifting from energy (both electric and non-electric sources) into materials---a shift from "make" to "buy." These effects are strongest for firms in textiles, timber, chemicals, and metals. Contrary to the literature, we do not find evidence of an increase in self generation. Finally, we find that these productivity changes, while costly to firms, led to small reductions in carbon emissions.

JEL-codes: D24 P2 Q4 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2012-01
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-eff, nep-ene and nep-env
Note: EEE PR
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (20)

Published as Fisher-Vanden, Karen & Mansur, Erin T. & Wang, Qiong (Juliana), 2015. "Electricity shortages and firm productivity: Evidence from China's industrial firms," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 172-188.

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Journal Article: Electricity shortages and firm productivity: Evidence from China's industrial firms (2015)
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