School Segregation, Educational Attainment and Crime: Evidence from the end of busing in Charlotte-Mecklenburg

Stephen Billings, David Deming and Jonah E. Rockoff

No 18487, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: We study the impact of the end of race-based busing in Charlotte-Mecklenburg schools ("CMS") on academic achievement, educational attainment, and young adult crime. In 2001, CMS was prohibited from using race in assigning students to schools. School boundaries were redrawn dramatically to reflect the surrounding neighborhoods, and half of its students received a new assignment. Using addresses measured prior to the policy change, we compare students in the same neighborhood that lived on opposite sides of a newly drawn boundary. We find that both white and minority students score lower on high school exams when they are assigned to schools with more minority students. We also find decreases in high school graduation and four-year college attendance for whites, and large increases in crime for minority males. The impacts on achievement and attainment are smaller in younger cohorts, while the impact on crime remains large and persistent for at least nine years after the re-zoning. We show that compensatory resource allocation policies in CMS likely played an important role in mitigating the impact of segregation on achievement and attainment, but had no impact on crime. We conclude that the end of busing widened racial inequality, despite efforts by CMS to mitigate the impact of increases in segregation.

JEL-codes: I20 I21 I24 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2012-10
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-edu and nep-ure
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Published as School Segregation, Educational Attainment, and Crime: Evidence from the End of Busing in Charlotte-Mecklenburg* Stephen B. Billings, David J. Deming and Jonah Rockoff The Quarterly Journal of Economics (2014) 129 (1): 435-476. doi: 10.1093/qje/qjt026 First published online: September 17, 2013

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