The Effects of Mortality on Fertility: Population Dynamics after a Natural Disaster

Jenna Nobles, Elizabeth Frankenberg and Duncan Thomas

No 20448, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: Understanding how mortality and fertility are linked is essential to the study of population dynamics. We investigate the fertility response to an unanticipated mortality shock that resulted from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which killed large shares of the residents of some Indonesian communities but caused no deaths in neighboring communities. Using population-representative multilevel longitudinal data, we identify a behavioral fertility response to mortality exposure, both at the level of a couple and in the broader community. We observe a sustained fertility increase at the aggregate level following the tsunami, which is driven by two behavioral responses to mortality exposure. First, mothers who lost one or more children in the disaster are significantly more likely to bear additional children after the tsunami. This response explains about 13 percent of the aggregate increase in fertility. Second, women without children before the tsunami initiated family-building earlier in communities where tsunami-related mortality rates were higher, indicating that the fertility of these women is an important route to rebuilding the population in the aftermath of a mortality shock. Such community-level effects have received little attention in demographic scholarship.

JEL-codes: J11 J13 O1 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014-09
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-evo, nep-gro, nep-hea and nep-sea
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Published as Jenna Nobles & Elizabeth Frankenberg & Duncan Thomas, 2015. "The Effects of Mortality on Fertility: Population Dynamics After a Natural Disaster," Demography, vol 52(1), pages 15-38.

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