An Economic Rationale for the African Scramble: The Commercial Transition and the Commodity Price Boom of 1845-1885

Ewout Frankema, Jeffrey Williamson (jwilliam@fas.harvard.edu) and Pieter Woltjer

No 21213, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: This is the first study to present a unified quantitative account of African commodity trade in the long 19th century from the zenith of the Atlantic slave trade (1790s) to the eve of World War II (1939). Drawing evidence from a new dataset on export and import prices, volumes, composition and net barter terms of trade for five African regions, we show that Sub-Saharan Africa experienced a terms of trade boom that was comparable to other parts of the ‘global periphery’ from the late 18th century up to the mid-1880s, with an exceptionally sharp price boom in the four decades before the Berlin conference (1845-1885). We argue that this commodity price boom changed the economic context in favor of a European scramble for Africa. We also show that the accelerated export growth after the establishment of colonial rule deepened Africa’s specialization in primary commodities, even though the terms of trade turned into a prolonged decline after 1885.

JEL-codes: F10 O40 O55 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2015-05
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-gro, nep-his and nep-int
Note: DAE DEV
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Published as Frankema, E., Williamson, J., & Woltjer, P. (2018). An Economic Rationale for the West African Scramble? The Commercial Transition and the Commodity Price Boom of 1835–1885. The Journal of Economic History, 78(1), 231-267. doi:10.1017/S0022050718000128

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