Using Satellite Imagery and Machine Learning to Estimate the Livelihood Impact of Electricity Access

Nathan Ratledge, Gabriel Cadamuro, Brandon De la Cuesta, Matthieu Stigler and Marshall Burke

No 29237, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: In many regions of the world, sparse data on key economic outcomes inhibits the development, targeting, and evaluation of public policy. We demonstrate how advancements in satellite imagery and machine learning can help ameliorate these data and inference challenges. In the context of an expansion of the electrical grid across Uganda, we show how a combination of satellite imagery and computer vision can be used to develop local-level livelihood measurements appropriate for inferring the causal impact of electricity access on livelihoods. We then show how ML-based inference techniques deliver more reliable estimates of the causal impact of electrification than traditional alternatives when applied to these data. We estimate that grid access improves village-level asset wealth in rural Uganda by 0.17 standard deviations, more than doubling the growth rate over our study period relative to untreated areas. Our results provide country-scale evidence on the impact of a key infrastructure investment, and provide a low-cost, generalizable approach to future policy evaluation in data sparse environments.

JEL-codes: O11 O18 Q01 Q4 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021-09
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-big, nep-cmp, nep-ene, nep-isf and nep-ure
Note: DEV EEE
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Working Paper: Using Satellite Imagery and Machine Learning to Estimate the Livelihood Impact of Electricity Access (2021)
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