Combating Cross-Border Externalities

Shiyi Chen, Joshua Graff Zivin, Huanhuan Wang and Jiaxin Xiong

No 30233, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of a pioneering pollution reduction program, the Ecological Compensation Initiative (ECI) in China, which establishes side payments between upstream and downstream provinces along the same river. The program includes both Coasian and pay-for-performance elements. Instructed by a theoretical model, we employ a difference-in-differences empirical design and find strong evidence that the ECI mitigates the spillover effect of water pollution at the province boundary and brings about sharp reductions in water pollutant emissions from upstream firms, especially those in heavily polluting industries. This initiative also reduces upstream firms’ output and pollution intensity relative to downstream firms. The impact is stronger for upstream firms closer to the river and the point at which it enters the downstream province. Further evidence shows a significant increase in the rate of firms’ entry into neighboring prefectures, but no impact on firms’ exit from that region due to the initiative. Evidence from similar programs, later established in other river systems, suggests that cross-jurisdictional negotiations can effectively mitigate cross-border pollution externalities.

JEL-codes: D22 H7 K32 Q53 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022-07
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-cna, nep-ene and nep-env
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