Investigating the Complexity of Naloxone Distribution: Which Policies Matter for Pharmacies and Potential Recipients

Rosanna Smart, David Powell, Rosalie Pacula, Evan D. Peet, Rahi Abouk and Corey S. Davis

No 31142, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: Despite efforts to address the opioid crisis, opioid-related overdoses remain a significant contributor to mortality. State efforts to reduce overdose deaths by removing barriers to naloxone have recently focused on pharmacy channels, but the specifics of these laws and the contexts in which they are implemented vary widely. In this paper, we use novel methods robust to heterogeneous effects across states and time-varying policy effects to estimate the effects on naloxone pharmacy distribution of two types of laws: laws authorizing non-patient-specific prescription distribution of naloxone and laws granting pharmacists prescriptive authority for naloxone. We find that both types of laws significantly increase the volume of naloxone dispensed through pharmacies. However, relative to laws authorizing non-patient-specific prescription distribution, effects are significantly larger for pharmacist prescriptive authority laws. These larger effects only partially derive from increased naloxone prescribing by pharmacists. We also estimate large, significant increases in pharmacy dispensation of naloxone prescribed by non-pharmacist prescribers, with particularly large increases among family medicine physicians, with particularly large increases among family medicine physicians. The relative benefits of pharmacist prescriptive authority laws versus non-patient-specific distribution are larger among Non-Hispanic Black individuals, suggesting an important role of these policies for reducing disparities in access to naloxone.

JEL-codes: H75 I18 K32 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023-04
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-hea and nep-law
Note: EH
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Published as Rosanna Smart & David Powell & Rosalie Liccardo Pacula & Evan Peet & Rahi Abouk & Corey S. Davis, 2024. "Investigating the Complexity of Naloxone Distribution: Which Policies Matter for Pharmacies and Potential Recipients," Journal of Health Economics, .

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Journal Article: Investigating the complexity of naloxone distribution: Which policies matter for pharmacies and potential recipients (2024)
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