Details about William Robert Emmons
Access statistics for papers by William Robert Emmons.
Last updated 2019-01-24. Update your information in the RePEc Author Service.
Short-id: pem7
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Working Papers
2006
- Relationship loans and regulatory capital: why fair-value accounting is inappropriate for bank loans
Supervisory Policy Analysis Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2005
- Consumer-finance myths and other obstacles to financial literacy
Supervisory Policy Analysis Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (4)
2004
- Executive compensation at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
Supervisory Policy Analysis Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (1)
- Monetary policy actions and the incentive to invest
Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (6)
Also in Supervisory Policy Analysis Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (2004) View citations (6)
- When for-profits and not-for-profits compete: theory and empirical evidence from retail banking
Supervisory Policy Analysis Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (1)
Also in Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (2004)
2002
- Banks vs. credit unions: dynamic competition in local markets
Supervisory Policy Analysis Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Also in Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (2000) View citations (4)
- Cracks in the facade: American economic and financial structures after the boom
Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 
See also Chapter (2003)
- Scale economies and geographic diversification as forces driving community bank mergers
Supervisory Policy Analysis Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (2)
- The impact of alternative bank monitoring policies on corporate investment and financing decisions
Supervisory Policy Analysis Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2001
- Corporate governance, entrenched labor, and economic growth
Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (1)
- The importance of scale economies and geographic diversification in community bank mergers
Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (5)
- Who pays for credit cards?
Occasional Paper; Emerging Payments, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago View citations (28)
2000
- Pricing and dividend policies in open credit cooperatives
Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 
See also Journal Article in Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE) (2002)
1999
- Corporate governance and corporate performance
Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (4)
1998
- Credit unions and the common bond
CFS Working Paper Series, Center for Financial Studies (CFS) View citations (7)
See also Journal Article in Review (1999)
- Universal banking, allocation of control rights, and corporate finance in Germany
Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (10)
1997
- Conflict of interest between borrowers and lenders in credit co- operatives: the case of German co-operative banks
Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (16)
1995
- Interbank netting agreement and the distribution of bank default risk
Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (11)
1993
- Increased risk-taking versus local economic conditions as causes of bank failures
Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago View citations (5)
Journal Articles
2020
- Responses of International Central Banks to the COVID-19 Crisis
Review, 2020, 102, (4), 338-384
2019
- First-Generation College Graduates Get a Financial Boost, but Don’t Catch Up
In the Balance, 2019, (25), 1-8
- Is College Still Worth It? The New Calculus of Falling Returns
Review, 2019, 101, (4), 297-329 View citations (1)
2017
- College Inadvertently Increases Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Income and Wealth
In the Balance, 2017, (16), 1-3
- College Is Not Enough: Higher Education Does Not Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Wealth Gaps
Review, 2017, 99, (1) View citations (5)
- Does College Level the Playing Field?
Bridges, 2017, (Spring)
- Household Wealth is at a Post-WWII High: Should We Celebrate or Worry?
In the Balance, 2017, (17), 1-3
2016
- Choosing to Fail or Lack of Choice? The Demographics of Loan Delinquency
In the Balance, 2016, (15), 1-3 View citations (1)
- The Demographics of Wealth - How Age, Education and Race Separate Thrivers from Strugglers in Today's Economy. Essay No. 3: Age, Birth Year and Wealth
Demographics of Wealth, 2016, (3), 1-28
- Unequal Degrees of Affluence: Racial and Ethnic Wealth Differences across Education Levels
The Regional Economist, 2016, (October)
2015
- A Balance Sheet Perspective on Financial Success: Why Starting Early Matters
Journal of Consumer Affairs, 2015, 49, (1), 267-298 View citations (1)
- The Demographics of Wealth - How Age, Education and Race Separate Thrivers from Strugglers in Today's Economy. Essay No. 1: Race, Ethnicity and Wealth
Demographics of Wealth, 2015, (1), 1-24 View citations (1)
- The Demographics of Wealth - How Age, Education and Race Separate Thrivers from Strugglers in Today's Economy. Essay No. 2: The Role of Education
Demographics of Wealth, 2015, (2), 1-28 View citations (4)
- The Importance of Wealth is Growing
In the Balance, 2015, (13), 1-3 View citations (1)
- The Middle Class May Be Under More Pressure Than You Think
In the Balance, 2015, (11), 1-4 View citations (1)
- Why Didn't Higher Education Protect Hispanic and Black Wealth?
In the Balance, 2015, (12), 1-3 View citations (1)
2014
- Asset Diversification and Low Debt Are the Keys to Building and Maintaining Wealth
Cascade, 2014, 1
- Despite aggressive deleveraging, generation X remains \\"generation debt\\"
In the Balance, 2014, (9), 1-3
- Five Simple Questions That Reveal Your Financial Health and Wealth
In the Balance, 2014, (10), 1-3 View citations (4)
- Hispanic population's share of wealth likely to increase by 2025
In the Balance, 2014, (8), 1-4
- Housing crash continues to overshadow young families' balance sheets
In the Balance, 2014, (7), 1-6 View citations (2)
2013
- Economic vulnerability and financial fragility
Review, 2013, (Sep), 361-388 View citations (5)
- Housing rebound broadens the wealth recovery but much more is needed
In the Balance, 2013, (5), 1-4
- Mortgage borrowing: the boom and bust
The Regional Economist, 2013
- Still digging out: real net worth per household has rebounded 63 percent since hitting bottom in early 2009
In the Balance, 2013, (4)
- The nation's wealth recovery since 2009 conceals vastly different balance-sheet realities among America's families
In the Balance, 2013, (3), 1-2 View citations (1)
- Wealth recovery still not complete, remains uneven across families and locations
In the Balance, 2013, (6), 1-2
- Why did young families lose so much wealth during the crisis? the role of homeownership
Review, 2013, (Jan), 1-26 View citations (6)
2012
- After the fall: rebuilding family balance sheets, rebuilding the economy
Annual Report, 2012, 4-15 View citations (3)
- Don't expect consumer spending to be the engine of economic growth it once was
The Regional Economist, 2012 View citations (3)
- Household financial stability: who suffered the most from the crisis?
The Regional Economist, 2012, (Jul) View citations (6)
- Shifting fortunes: wealth trends in the Federal Reserve’s survey of consumer finances
In the Balance, 2012, (1)
- Unsteady progress: income trends in the Federal Reserve's survey of consumer finances
In the Balance, 2012, (2)
- Where housing markets lead in 2012, Eighth District economies are likely to follow
Central Banker, 2012, (Spr)
2011
- Economic focus: unlike prior decades, house-price changes in largest District cities are following national trends
Central Banker, 2011, (Fall)
- Questions about the budget deficit of the U.S. have no easy answers
The Regional Economist, 2011, (Oct), 6-7
- Real estate loans remain a critical part of Eighth District bank portfolios
Central Banker, 2011, (Summer)
- The foreclosure crisis in 2008: predatory lending or household overreaching?
The Regional Economist, 2011, (July), 12-14 View citations (1)
2010
- Economic hangover: recovery is likely to be prolonged, painful
The Regional Economist, 2010, (Apr), 4-9 View citations (1)
2009
- Housing's great fall: putting household balance sheets together again
The Regional Economist, 2009, (Oct), 14-15
2008
- The mortgage crisis: let markets work, but compensate the truly needy
The Regional Economist, 2008, (Jul), 10-16 View citations (1)
2007
- What is subprime lending?
Monetary Trends, 2007, (Jun) View citations (5)
- Why do gasoline prices react to things that have not happened?
The Regional Economist, 2007, (Jul), 10-11
2006
- As household asset values rise, should we still worry about the saving rate?
The Regional Economist, 2006, (Jul), 10-11 View citations (2)
- Editor's introduction
Review, 2006, 88, (Jul), 221-234
- What are the odds? option-based forecasts of FOMC target changes
Review, 2006, 88, (Nov), 543-562 View citations (7)
2005
- Basel II will trickle down to community bankers, consumers
The Regional Economist, 2005, (Apr), 12-13 View citations (2)
- Cash-out refinancing: check it out carefully
The Regional Economist, 2005, (Jul), 10-11
2004
- Reducing the Risk at Small Community Banks: Is it Size or Geographic Diversification that Matters?*
Journal of Financial Services Research, 2004, 25, (2), 259-281 View citations (37)
- The housing giants in plain view
The Regional Economist, 2004, (Jul), 4-9 View citations (1)
2003
- Credit unions make friends-but not with bankers
The Regional Economist, 2003, (Oct), 4-9 View citations (1)
2002
- An imperfect crystal ball
The Regional Economist, 2002, (Jan.), 10-11
- Asset mispricing, arbitrage, and volatility
Review, 2002, 84, (Nov), 19-28 View citations (1)
- Pricing and Dividend Policies in Open Credit Cooperatives
Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE), 2002, 158, (2), 234-255 View citations (6)
See also Working Paper (2000)
2001
- A third pillar of bank supervision
The Regional Economist, 2001, (Oct), 4-9 View citations (1)
- Expectations and fundamentals
Monetary Trends, 2001, (Jul)
- Membership structure, competition, and occupational credit union deposit rates
Review, 2001, 83, (Jan), 41-50
2000
- Bank competition and concentration: do credit unions matter?
Review, 2000, 82, (May), 29-42 View citations (19)
- CBOs growth outlook
National Economic Trends, 2000, (Nov)
- Inflation, exchange rates, and oil prices
International Economic Trends, 2000, (Nov)
- The Asian crisis and the exposure of large U.S. firms
Review, 2000, 82, (Jan), 15-34 View citations (5)
- The information content of Treasury inflation-indexed securities
Review, 2000, 82, (Nov), 25-38 View citations (8)
- Whats behind the falling U.S. private savings rate?
National Economic Trends, 2000, (Aug)
1999
- Convergence in the Euro-zone?
Monetary Trends, 1999, (Oct)
- Credit unions and the common bond
Review, 1999, 81, (Sep), 41-64 View citations (15)
See also Working Paper (1998)
- Wages and risk-taking in occupational credit unions: theory and evidence
Review, 1999, (Mar), 13-32 View citations (9)
- What can \"buy-and-hold\" stock investors expect?
Monetary Trends, 1999, (Jun)
1998
- Is household debt too high?
Monetary Trends, 1998, (Dec)
- The current P/E ratio: higher than you think
Monetary Trends, 1998, (Jun)
- Universal banking, control rights, and corporate finance in Germany
Review, 1998, (Jul), 19-42 View citations (19)
1997
- Recent developments in wholesale payments systems
Review, 1997, (Nov), 23-43 View citations (9)
1996
- Price stability and the efficiency of the retail payments system
Review, 1996, (Sep), 49-61 View citations (5)
Chapters
2003
- Cracks in the façade: American economic and financial structures after the boom
Chapter 7 in The Structural Foundations of International Finance, 2003 
See also Working Paper (2002)
- The US policy mix and corporate strategies
Chapter 6 in Alliance Capitalism for the New American Economy, 2003
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