Details about William Robert Emmons

Access statistics for papers by William Robert Emmons.

Last updated 2019-01-24. Update your information in the RePEc Author Service.

Short-id: pem7

Working Papers

2006

1. Relationship loans and regulatory capital: why fair-value accounting is inappropriate for bank loans
   Supervisory Policy Analysis Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

2005

2. Consumer-finance myths and other obstacles to financial literacy
   Supervisory Policy Analysis Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (4)

2004

3. Executive compensation at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
   Supervisory Policy Analysis Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (1)
4. Monetary policy actions and the incentive to invest
   Supervisory Policy Analysis Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (6)
   Also in Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (2004) View citations (6)
5. When for-profits and not-for-profits compete: theory and empirical evidence from retail banking
   Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
   Also in Supervisory Policy Analysis Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (2004) View citations (1)

2002

6. Banks vs. credit unions: dynamic competition in local markets
   Supervisory Policy Analysis Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
   Also in Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (2000) View citations (3)
7. Cracks in the facade: American economic and financial structures after the boom
   Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
   See also Chapter (2003)
8. Scale economies and geographic diversification as forces driving community bank mergers
   Supervisory Policy Analysis Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (2)
9. The impact of alternative bank monitoring policies on corporate investment and financing decisions
   Supervisory Policy Analysis Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

2001

10. Corporate governance, entrenched labor, and economic growth
    Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (1)
11. The importance of scale economies and geographic diversification in community bank mergers
    Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (5)
12. Who pays for credit cards?
    Occasional Paper; Emerging Payments, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago View citations (28)

2000

13. Pricing and dividend policies in open credit cooperatives
    Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE) (2002)

1999

14. Corporate governance and corporate performance
    Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (4)

1998

15. Credit unions and the common bond
    CFS Working Paper Series, Center for Financial Studies (CFS) View citations (7)
    See also Journal Article in Review (1999)
16. Universal banking, allocation of control rights, and corporate finance in Germany
    Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (10)

1997

17. Conflict of interest between borrowers and lenders in credit co- operatives: the case of German co-operative banks
    Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (16)

1995

18. Interbank netting agreement and the distribution of bank default risk
    Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis View citations (11)

1993

19. Increased risk-taking versus local economic conditions as causes of bank failures
    Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago View citations (5)

Journal Articles

2020

1. Responses of International Central Banks to the COVID-19 Crisis
   Review, 2020, 102, (4), 338-384

2019

2. First-Generation College Graduates Get a Financial Boost, but Don’t Catch Up
   In the Balance, 2019, (25), 1-8
3. Is College Still Worth It? The New Calculus of Falling Returns
   Review, 2019, 101, (4), 297-329 View citations (1)

2017

4. College Inadvertently Increases Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Income and Wealth
   In the Balance, 2017, (16), 1-3
5. College Is Not Enough: Higher Education Does Not Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Wealth Gaps
   Review, 2017, 99, (1) View citations (5)
6. Does College Level the Playing Field?
   Bridges, 2017, (Spring)
7. Household Wealth is at a Post-WWII High: Should We Celebrate or Worry?
   In the Balance, 2017, (17), 1-3

2016

8. Choosing to Fail or Lack of Choice? The Demographics of Loan Delinquency
   In the Balance, 2016, (15), 1-3 View citations (1)
9. The Demographics of Wealth - How Age, Education and Race Separate Thrivers from Strugglers in Today's Economy. Essay No. 3: Age, Birth Year and Wealth
   Demographics of Wealth, 2016, (3), 1-28
10. Unequal Degrees of Affluence: Racial and Ethnic Wealth Differences across Education Levels
    The Regional Economist, 2016, (October)

2015

11. A Balance Sheet Perspective on Financial Success: Why Starting Early Matters
    Journal of Consumer Affairs, 2015, 49, (1), 267-298 View citations (1)
12. The Demographics of Wealth - How Age, Education and Race Separate Thrivers from Strugglers in Today's Economy. Essay No. 1: Race, Ethnicity and Wealth
    Demographics of Wealth, 2015, (1), 1-24 View citations (1)
13. The Demographics of Wealth - How Age, Education and Race Separate Thrivers from Strugglers in Today's Economy. Essay No. 2: The Role of Education
    Demographics of Wealth, 2015, (2), 1-28 View citations (4)
14. The Importance of Wealth is Growing
    In the Balance, 2015, (13), 1-3 View citations (1)
15. The Middle Class May Be Under More Pressure Than You Think
    In the Balance, 2015, (11), 1-4 View citations (1)
16. Why Didn't Higher Education Protect Hispanic and Black Wealth?
    In the Balance, 2015, (12), 1-3 View citations (1)

2014

17. Asset Diversification and Low Debt Are the Keys to Building and Maintaining Wealth
    Cascade, 2014, 1
18. Despite aggressive deleveraging, generation X remains \\"generation debt\\"
    In the Balance, 2014, (9), 1-3
19. Five Simple Questions That Reveal Your Financial Health and Wealth
    In the Balance, 2014, (10), 1-3 View citations (4)
20. Hispanic population's share of wealth likely to increase by 2025
    In the Balance, 2014, (8), 1-4
21. Housing crash continues to overshadow young families' balance sheets
    In the Balance, 2014, (7), 1-6 View citations (2)

2013

22. Economic vulnerability and financial fragility
    Review, 2013, (Sep), 361-388 View citations (5)
23. Housing rebound broadens the wealth recovery but much more is needed
    In the Balance, 2013, (5), 1-4
24. Mortgage borrowing: the boom and bust
    The Regional Economist, 2013
25. Still digging out: real net worth per household has rebounded 63 percent since hitting bottom in early 2009
    In the Balance, 2013, (4)
26. The nation's wealth recovery since 2009 conceals vastly different balance-sheet realities among America's families
    In the Balance, 2013, (3), 1-2 View citations (1)
27. Wealth recovery still not complete, remains uneven across families and locations
    In the Balance, 2013, (6), 1-2
28. Why did young families lose so much wealth during the crisis? the role of homeownership
    Review, 2013, (Jan), 1-26 View citations (6)

2012

29. After the fall: rebuilding family balance sheets, rebuilding the economy
    Annual Report, 2012, 4-15 View citations (3)
30. Don't expect consumer spending to be the engine of economic growth it once was
    The Regional Economist, 2012 View citations (3)
31. Household financial stability: who suffered the most from the crisis?
    The Regional Economist, 2012, (Jul) View citations (6)
32. Shifting fortunes: wealth trends in the Federal Reserve’s survey of consumer finances
    In the Balance, 2012, (1)
33. Unsteady progress: income trends in the Federal Reserve's survey of consumer finances
    In the Balance, 2012, (2)
34. Where housing markets lead in 2012, Eighth District economies are likely to follow
    Central Banker, 2012, (Spr)

2011

35. Economic focus: unlike prior decades, house-price changes in largest District cities are following national trends
    Central Banker, 2011, (Fall)
36. Questions about the budget deficit of the U.S. have no easy answers
    The Regional Economist, 2011, (Oct), 6-7
37. Real estate loans remain a critical part of Eighth District bank portfolios
    Central Banker, 2011, (Summer)
38. The foreclosure crisis in 2008: predatory lending or household overreaching?
    The Regional Economist, 2011, (July), 12-14 View citations (1)

2010

39. Economic hangover: recovery is likely to be prolonged, painful
    The Regional Economist, 2010, (Apr), 4-9 View citations (1)

2009

40. Housing's great fall: putting household balance sheets together again
    The Regional Economist, 2009, (Oct), 14-15

2008

41. The mortgage crisis: let markets work, but compensate the truly needy
    The Regional Economist, 2008, (Jul), 10-16 View citations (1)

2007

42. What is subprime lending?
    Monetary Trends, 2007, (Jun) View citations (5)
43. Why do gasoline prices react to things that have not happened?
    The Regional Economist, 2007, (Jul), 10-11

2006

44. As household asset values rise, should we still worry about the saving rate?
    The Regional Economist, 2006, (Jul), 10-11 View citations (2)
45. Editor's introduction
    Review, 2006, 88, (Jul), 221-234
46. What are the odds? option-based forecasts of FOMC target changes
    Review, 2006, 88, (Nov), 543-562 View citations (6)

2005

47. Basel II will trickle down to community bankers, consumers
    The Regional Economist, 2005, (Apr), 12-13 View citations (2)
48. Cash-out refinancing: check it out carefully
    The Regional Economist, 2005, (Jul), 10-11

2004

49. Reducing the Risk at Small Community Banks: Is it Size or Geographic Diversification that Matters?*
    Journal of Financial Services Research, 2004, 25, (2), 259-281 View citations (37)
50. The housing giants in plain view
    The Regional Economist, 2004, (Jul), 4-9 View citations (1)

2003

51. Credit unions make friends-but not with bankers
    The Regional Economist, 2003, (Oct), 4-9 View citations (1)

2002

52. An imperfect crystal ball
    The Regional Economist, 2002, (Jan.), 10-11
53. Asset mispricing, arbitrage, and volatility
    Review, 2002, 84, (Nov), 19-28 View citations (1)
54. Pricing and Dividend Policies in Open Credit Cooperatives
    Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE), 2002, 158, (2), 234-255 View citations (5)
    See also Working Paper (2000)

2001

55. A third pillar of bank supervision
    The Regional Economist, 2001, (Oct), 4-9 View citations (1)
56. Expectations and fundamentals
    Monetary Trends, 2001, (Jul)
57. Membership structure, competition, and occupational credit union deposit rates
    Review, 2001, 83, (Jan), 41-50

2000

58. Bank competition and concentration: do credit unions matter?
    Review, 2000, 82, (May), 29-42 View citations (19)
59. CBOs growth outlook
    National Economic Trends, 2000, (Nov)
60. Inflation, exchange rates, and oil prices
    International Economic Trends, 2000, (Nov)
61. The Asian crisis and the exposure of large U.S. firms
    Review, 2000, 82, (Jan), 15-34 View citations (5)
62. The information content of Treasury inflation-indexed securities
    Review, 2000, 82, (Nov), 25-38 View citations (8)
63. Whats behind the falling U.S. private savings rate?
    National Economic Trends, 2000, (Aug)

1999

64. Convergence in the Euro-zone?
    Monetary Trends, 1999, (Oct)
65. Credit unions and the common bond
    Review, 1999, 81, (Sep), 41-64 View citations (14)
    See also Working Paper (1998)
66. Wages and risk-taking in occupational credit unions: theory and evidence
    Review, 1999, (Mar), 13-32 View citations (9)
67. What can \\"buy-and-hold\\" stock investors expect?
    Monetary Trends, 1999, (Jun)

1998

68. Is household debt too high?
    Monetary Trends, 1998, (Dec)
69. The current P/E ratio: higher than you think
    Monetary Trends, 1998, (Jun)
70. Universal banking, control rights, and corporate finance in Germany
    Review, 1998, (Jul), 19-42 View citations (19)

1997

71. Recent developments in wholesale payments systems
    Review, 1997, (Nov), 23-43 View citations (9)

1996

72. Price stability and the efficiency of the retail payments system
    Review, 1996, (Sep), 49-61 View citations (5)

Chapters

2003

1. Cracks in the façade: American economic and financial structures after the boom
   Chapter 7 in The Structural Foundations of International Finance, 2003
   See also Working Paper (2002)
2. The US policy mix and corporate strategies
   Chapter 6 in Alliance Capitalism for the New American Economy, 2003